Every opinion based on scientific criticism I welcome. As to prejudices of so-called public opinion, to which I have never made concessions, now as aforetime the maxim of the great Florentine is mine: ―Segui il tuo corso, e lascia dir le genti.‖ [Follow your own course, and let people talk – paraphrased from Dante] --Karl Marx London July 25, 1867
Tuesday, April 4, 2017
拳擊保護措施的非預期後果(unintended consequences)
統計數字發現,打拳擊時戴頭套反而會增加腦震盪的機率。國際拳總宣稱,拿掉頭套後選手腦震盪的機率降低43%。有幾個理論可以解釋這個現象:不戴頭套會讓選手更用心保護自己的頭部;戴頭套會讓頭部成為更明顯的攻擊目標;戴頭套會影響視力,使得選手因看不清楚來拳而不易閃躲。
在"Social Theory and Modern Sociology"(https://goo.gl/vRJNu3)這本書中,Giddens即強調社會學的重點之一在於研究「預期行動的非預期後果」(the unintended consequences of intended actions)。另一個例子是1920-1933年期間,美國實施禁酒令,雖然生產與買賣烈酒屬於非法,但卻開放含酒精的「果汁」、醫療用酒精與工業用酒精。由於上述的法律漏洞,使得酒類的銷量不減反增(延伸閱讀:https://goo.gl/8ckvhx)。
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Source: http://goo.gl/B5bqVm *I Am Aware of God at this Moment: An Experiential Sampling Study of Lived Religion. 靈性意識( spiritual a...
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總體債務在密度、人口規模、與教育程度 / 平均收入較高的都會地區有攀升的趨勢,債務結構的主要成分為貸款( 好債),非貸款性債務比例相對較低,因為這些地區的消費與住屋成 本居高不下。
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