Monday, April 16, 2018

「剩女」現象的虛與實


即便社會經濟快速發展之後,普遍成婚與早婚在中國仍是常態:男女的平均初婚年齡分別是25.723.5;到了35-39歲時,幾乎所有女性都已結婚,而只有不到5%的男性仍然單身(1)

除了來自父權體制帶有歧視性(男性排斥能力太強的女性)與控制性(男性期待女性服膺傳統的性別分工)的限制外(2),再加上媒體的推波助瀾(3),整個社會因而建構出關於「剩女」的性別論述,並使得性別角色的刻板印象得以永垂不朽,其後果影響深遠。

在折衝「女大當嫁」與「生涯發展」的矛盾時,受過高等教育的專業女性常要面臨各種挑戰,包括:雙親壓力、關於年齡的性別雙重標準、嫁得更好的期待(對象的教育程度與收入更高)、工作與家庭的平衡、相互衝突的性別意識型態(4)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
(1)Ji, Y., & Yeung, W. J. J. (2014). Heterogeneity in contemporary Chinese marriage. Journal of Family Issues, 35(12), 1662-1682. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0192513X14538030
(2)To, S. (2013). Understanding sheng nu (“leftover women”): The phenomenon of late marriage among Chinese professional women. Symbolic Interaction, 36(1), 1-20. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/symb.46
(3)Feldshuh, H. (2018). Gender, media, and myth-making: constructing China’s leftover women. Asian Journal of Communication, 28(1), 38-54. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01292986.2017.1339721?src=recsys
(4)Ji, Y. (2015). Between tradition and modernity:“Leftover” women in Shanghai. Journal of Marriage and Family, 77(5), 1057-1073. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jomf.12220

No comments:

Post a Comment